Important Enzymes

Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase

Lipid Metabolism

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase catalyzes the conversion of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA, a key step in fatty acid synthesis.

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Carbamoyl PhosphateSynthetase I

Amino Acid Metabolism

Carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase I catalyzes the first step in the urea cycle, synthesizing carbamoyl phosphate.

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Carnitine Acyltransferase I

Lipid Metabolism

Carnitine acyltransferase I catalyzes the transfer of fatty acyl groups to carnitine, enabling fatty acid oxidation.

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Citrate Synthase

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Citrate synthase is an enzyme that catalyzes the first step in the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle), where it facilitates the condensation of acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate to form citrate.

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FBPase-1

Carbohydrate Metabolism

FBPase-1 catalyzes the conversion of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate to fructose-6-phosphate in gluconeogenesis.

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Glutamine Synthetase

Nucleic Acid Metabolism

Glutamine synthetase catalyzes the conversion of glutamate and ammonia to glutamine, playing a key role in nitrogen metabolism.

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Glutamine-PRPP Amidotransferase

Nucleic Acid Metabolism

Glutamine-PRPP amidotransferase catalyzes the first step in purine nucleotide biosynthesis by transferring an amide group.

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Glycogen Phosphorylase

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Glycogen phosphorylase catalyzes the breakdown of glycogen into glucose-1-phosphate, initiating glycogenolysis.

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Glycogen Synthase

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Glycogen synthase catalyzes the addition of glucose units to growing glycogen chains during glycogenesis.

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HMG-CoA Reductase

Lipid Metabolism

HMG-CoA reductase catalyzes the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate, a key step in cholesterol biosynthesis.

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Isocitrate Dehydrogenase

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Isocitrate dehydrogenase catalyzes the conversion of isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate in the citric acid cycle.

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PFK-1

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1) is a key enzyme in glycolysis, regulating the conversion of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate.

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Pyruvate Carboxylase

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Pyruvate carboxylase catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate, playing a key role in gluconeogenesis.

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Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex converts pyruvate into acetyl-CoA, linking glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.

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Pyruvate Kinase

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Pyruvate kinase catalyzes the final step in glycolysis, converting phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate.

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Respiratory Chain

Energy Production

The respiratory chain is a series of protein complexes that transfer electrons to produce ATP in mitochondria.

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Ribonucleotide Reductase

Nucleic Acid Metabolism

Ribonucleotide reductase reduces ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides, a crucial step in DNA synthesis.

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alpha-Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase Complex

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the conversion of alpha-ketoglutarate to succinyl-CoA in the citric acid cycle.

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